{"id":109,"date":"2024-12-07T03:14:17","date_gmt":"2024-12-07T03:14:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/habeascorpuscanada.com\/blog\/?page_id=109"},"modified":"2024-12-07T03:27:25","modified_gmt":"2024-12-07T03:27:25","slug":"henderson-v-attorney-general-of-quebec-18-april-2018-qccs-1586-canlii-paragraphs-401-500","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/habeascorpuscanada.com\/blog\/henderson-v-attorney-general-of-quebec-18-april-2018-qccs-1586-canlii-paragraphs-401-500\/","title":{"rendered":"Henderson v. Attorney General of Quebec, 18 April 2018 QCCS 1586 (CanLII)&nbsp;\u2014 Paragraphs 401-500"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/my.pcloud.com\/publink\/show?code=XZlPTBkZqSc88iBGw9kq6jgbLqCqhmsQ2pAV\"><br \/>\n    <i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i> Download PDF<br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<hr size=\"1\" width=\"100%\" noshade>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:36px;line-height:36px;font-family:Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif;\">HABEAS CORPUS CANADA<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:22px;line-height:22px;font-family:Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif;\">The Official Legal Challenge To North American Union<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:12px;line-height:12px;font-family:Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif;\">QUEBEC IS BEING USED TO DISMANTLE CANADA INTO CITY-STATES IN THE NORTH AMERICAN REGION<\/p>\n<div align=\"center\">\n<hr size=\"1\" width=\"100%\" noshade>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>Henderson<\/em> c. <em>Procureure g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du Qu\u00e9bec<\/em> 2018 QCCS 1586<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><b>PARAGRAPHS 401-500<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/habeascorpuscanada.com\/blog\/henderson-v-attorney-general-of-quebec-18-april-2018-qccs-1586-canlii-paragraphs-300-400\/\">PREVIOUS PARAGRAPHS 300-400<\/a><\/p>\n<hr size=\"1\" width=\"100%\" noshade>\n<table class=\"MsoNormalTable\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style='border-collapse:collapse;'>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<hr size=\"1\" width=\"311\" noshade><b>L&#8217;HONORABLE CLAUDE DALLAIRE,<br \/>J.C.S.<\/b><\/p>\n<hr size=\"1\" width=\"311\" noshade>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<hr size=\"1\" width=\"311\" noshade><b>THE HONORABLE CLAUDE DALLAIRE,<br \/>J.S.C.<\/b><\/p>\n<hr size=\"1\" width=\"311\" noshade>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>FRENCH ORIGINAL<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>NON-OFFICIAL ENGLISH<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[401]<\/b>&nbsp; Ceux-ci sont indissociables pour en tirer le v\u00e9ritable sens et enfin \u00abd\u00e9terminer les buts vis\u00e9s par le l\u00e9gislateur et les maux avec lesquels il \u00e9tait aux prises\u00bb<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:11px;\"><sup>158<\/sup><\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[401]<\/b>&nbsp; These are indissociable in order to deduce their true meaning and at last \u201cdetermine the goals pursued by the legislator and the evils it was grappling with\u201d.<sup>158<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[402]<\/b>&nbsp; Il y est question de la libert\u00e9 du <i>peuple qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois<\/i> d&#8217;assumer son propre destin, principe qui a trouv\u00e9 application \u00e0 plusieurs reprises lors des r\u00e9f\u00e9rendums tenus dans le pass\u00e9, et qui n&#8217;a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 remis en cause par une quelconque intervention du gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[402]<\/b>&nbsp; There is a question of the liberty of the <i>Quebec people<\/i> to assume their own destiny, a principle that has found application several times in referendums held in the past, and which has never been called into question by any intervention from the federal government.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[403]<\/b>&nbsp; Selon nous, pour la suite de l&#8217;analyse, cette pr\u00e9cision est cruciale; elle apporte un indice important sur ce que le l\u00e9gislateur a en t\u00eate lorsqu&#8217;il \u00e9nonce que le peuple qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois est libre d&#8217;assumer son propre destin.&nbsp; Il s&#8217;agit du c\u0153ur de la <i>Loi 99<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[403]<\/b>&nbsp; In our opinion, this clarification is crucial for the rest of the analysis; it provides an important clue as to what the legislator has in mind when it states that the Quebec people is free to assume its own destiny.&nbsp; This is the core of <i>Bill 99<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[404]<\/b>&nbsp; Et cette id\u00e9e \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9sente dans une autre loi, avant celle contest\u00e9e<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:11px;\"><sup>159<\/sup><\/span>.  Encore une fois, la l\u00e9galit\u00e9 d&#8217;une telle id\u00e9e n&#8217;a suscit\u00e9 aucun d\u00e9bat judiciaire.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[404]<\/b>&nbsp; And this idea was already present in another law, before the one contested.<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:11px;\"><sup>159<\/sup><\/span>&nbsp; Once again, the legality of such an idea elicited no judicial debate.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[405]<\/b>&nbsp; Pourquoi devrait-il alors en \u00eatre autrement, maintenant qu&#8217;elle se trouve de nouveau dans la <i>Loi 99<\/i>?<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[405]<\/b>&nbsp; Why should it then be otherwise, now that it is found anew in <i>Bill 99<\/i>?<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[406]<\/b>&nbsp; Nous verrons plus loin qu&#8217;il n&#8217;y a aucune raison d&#8217;y voir quelque chose d&#8217;inconstitutionnel.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[406]<\/b>&nbsp; We will see below that there is no reason to see anything unconstitutional in it.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[407]<\/b>&nbsp; Les deux derniers consid\u00e9rants, 14 et 15, doivent aussi \u00eatre lus ensemble et sont tr\u00e8s importants pour notre exercice d&#8217;interpr\u00e9tation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[407]<\/b>&nbsp; The last two recitals, 14 and 15, must also be read together and are very important to our interpretation exercise.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[408]<\/b>&nbsp; Tout d&#8217;abord, le gouvernement r\u00e9f\u00e8re \u00e0 <i>l\u2019Avis consultatif<\/i> de 1998, ce qui est significatif et devrait rassurer ceux qui ont not\u00e9 l&#8217;absence d&#8217;une telle r\u00e9f\u00e9rence dans le projet original.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[408]<\/b>&nbsp; First of all, the Government is referring to the 1998 <i>Advisory Opinion<\/i>, which is significant and ought to reassure those who noted the absence of such a mention in the original draft.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">__________<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">__________<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n  <span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>156.<\/b>&nbsp; Le 30 mai 2000.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>157.<\/b>&nbsp; Voir aussi le <i>Journal des d\u00e9bats<\/i> du 25 mai 2000, page 6193.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>158.<\/b>&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/fr\/ca\/csc\/doc\/1984\/1984canlii30\/1984canlii30.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><u><em>Lyons<\/em> c. <em>R.<\/em>, [1984] 2 R.C.S. 633<\/u><\/a>, p. 684.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>159.<\/b>&nbsp; <em>Loi instituant la Commission sur l&#8217;avenir politique et constitutionnel du Qu\u00e9bec<\/em>, L.Q. 1990, c. 34.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>156.<\/b>&nbsp; May 30th, 2000.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>157.<\/b>&nbsp; See also the <i>Journal des d\u00e9bats<\/i>, May 25th, 2000, page 6193.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>158.<\/b>&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/ca\/scc\/doc\/1984\/1984canlii30\/1984canlii30.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><u><i>Lyons<\/i> v. <i>The Queen<\/i>, 1984 CanLII 30 (SCC), [1984] 2 SCR 633<\/u><\/a>, p. 684.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>159.<\/b>&nbsp; <em>An Act to establish the Commission on the Political and Constitutional Future of Quebec<\/em>, SQ 1990, c. 34.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>500-05-065031-013<\/b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PAGE 64<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>500-05-065031-013<\/b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PAGE 64<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[409]<\/b>&nbsp; En effet, cela prouve que le gouvernement a tenu compte des commentaires formul\u00e9s \u00e0 cet effet et qu&#8217;il a consid\u00e9r\u00e9 que l&#8217;ajout de cette r\u00e9f\u00e9rence dans la version r\u00e9imprim\u00e9e du projet de <i>Loi 99<\/i> \u00e9tait pertinent aux fins d&#8217;une meilleure compr\u00e9hension du contexte dans lequel intervenait la <i>Loi<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[409]<\/b>&nbsp; Indeed, this proves that the Government took account of comments made to that effect and that it thought the addition of this mention in the reprinted version of <i>Bill 99<\/i> was relevant for the purposes of a better understanding of the context in which the <i>Act<\/i> intervened.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[410]<\/b>&nbsp; Ainsi, l&#8217;impression que certains ont eue que l&#8217;absence initiale de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 cet <i>Avis<\/i> \u00e9tait une fa\u00e7on que le gouvernement avait trouv\u00e9 d&#8217;\u00e9viter de faire face aux cons\u00e9quences de celui-ci et qu&#8217;il \u00e9tait peut-\u00eatre en train de le contourner par l&#8217;adoption de la <i>Loi 99<\/i> ne tient plus la route.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[410]<\/b>&nbsp; Thus, the impression had by some that the initial absence of a mention of this <i>Advisory<\/i> was a way the government had found to avoid dealing with the consequences of it, and that it was perhaps in the process of bypassing it through the adoption of <i>Bill 99<\/i>, is no longer sustainable.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[411]<\/b>&nbsp; Le fait que ce consid\u00e9rant ne semble reconna\u00eetre que l&#8217;importance \u00abpolitique\u00bb du <i>Renvoi<\/i> signifie-t-il que le gouvernement tournait autour du pot et cherchait \u00e0 exclure la reconnaissance des effets juridiques g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par celui-ci?<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[411]<\/b>&nbsp; Does the fact that this recital seems to recognize only the \u201cpolitical\u201d importance of the <em>Reference<\/em> mean that the government was beating around the bush and seeking to exclude recognition of the legal effects generated by it?<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[412]<\/b>&nbsp; De nouveau, la r\u00e9ponse est non.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[412]<\/b>&nbsp; Again, the answer is no.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[413]<\/b>&nbsp; Et c&#8217;est encore dans les d\u00e9bats que l&#8217;on peut se rassurer sur ce point.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[413]<\/b>&nbsp; And again it is in the Debates that we can reassure ourselves on this point.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[414]<\/b>&nbsp; En r\u00e9sum\u00e9, le ministre Facal n&#8217;est pas d&#8217;accord avec la vision de l&#8217;opposition voulant qu&#8217;un <i>Renvoi<\/i> g\u00e9n\u00e8re exactement les m\u00eames effets qu&#8217;un jugement et il cite des propos tenus par le juge en chef Antonio Lamer qui lui donnent raison sur ce sujet.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[414]<\/b>&nbsp; In summary, Minister Facal disagrees with the Opposition&#8217;s view that a <i>Reference<\/i>&nbsp; generates exactly the same effects as a judgment, and he quotes the words of Chief Justice Antonio Lamer, which support him on this point.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[415]<\/b>&nbsp; Mais il ne faut pas oublier que le ministre, dans ses propos, ne remet aucunement en cause l&#8217;\u00e9nonc\u00e9 de la Cour supr\u00eame quant \u00e0 l&#8217;obligation qu&#8217;a le Qu\u00e9bec de n\u00e9gocier avant de mettre en \u0153uvre les suites d&#8217;un vote s\u00e9cessionniste, et qu&#8217;il r\u00e9it\u00e8re \u00e0 plusieurs reprises que la s\u00e9cession passera n\u00e9cessairement par des n\u00e9gociations pr\u00e9alables si elle se fait un jour.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[415]<\/b>&nbsp; But one must not forget that the Minister, in his remarks, in no way questions the Supreme Court\u2019s statement as to the duty of Quebec to negotiate before implementing the consequences of a secessionist vote, and he reiterates a number of times that secession would necessarily require prior negotiations, if it were to happen one day.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[416]<\/b>&nbsp; \u00c0 notre avis, les intentions du gouvernement sont claires et \u00e0 moins qu&#8217;il veuille berner le peuple dont il tente par ailleurs de prot\u00e9ger les droits et privil\u00e8ges, ce qui semble contradictoire, il ne subsiste en principe aucune ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 sur les intentions divulgu\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[416]<\/b>&nbsp; In our view, the government&#8217;s intentions are clear and unless it wants to fool the people whose rights it is trying to protect, which seems contradictory, there is in principle no ambiguity about the intentions disclosed.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[417]<\/b>&nbsp; Le fait qu&#8217;il entretienne des doutes sur la bonne foi du f\u00e9d\u00e9ral ainsi que sur l&#8217;implication sinc\u00e8re de ce dernier lors d&#8217;\u00e9ventuelles n\u00e9gociations ne change pas l&#8217;intention \u00e9nonc\u00e9e, car il n&#8217;est pas le seul \u00e0 avoir \u00e9voqu\u00e9 la difficult\u00e9 de telles n\u00e9gociations, la Cour supr\u00eame l&#8217;ayant fait avant lui, ce dont elle fait \u00e9tat dans son <i>Avis consultatif<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[417]<\/b>&nbsp; The fact it entertains doubts about the good faith of the federal government, and the sincerity of its involvement in future negotiations changes nothing in the stated intention, for it is not alone in raising the difficulty of such negotiations, the Supreme Court having done so first, in its <i>Advisory Opinion<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[418]<\/b>&nbsp; Les explications formul\u00e9es lors des d\u00e9bats att\u00e9nuent donc cette possible distinction entre les effets politiques et juridiques du <i>Renvoi<\/i> et ne permettent pas de<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[418]<\/b>&nbsp; Explanations formulated during the debates thus attenuate this potential distinction between the political and legal consequences of the <i>Reference<\/i> and do not permit it to <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>500-05-065031-013<\/b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PAGE 65<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>500-05-065031-013<\/b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PAGE 65<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">conclure que le gouvernement qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois rejetait l&#8217;impact juridique que g\u00e9n\u00e8re un <i>Avis consultatif<\/i> de la Cour supr\u00eame<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:11px;\"><sup>160<\/sup><\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">be concluded that the Quebec government ruled out the legal impact that a Supreme Court <i>Advisory opinion<\/i> generates.<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:11px;\"><sup>160<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[419]<\/b>&nbsp; L&#8217;analyse de l&#8217;ensemble des consid\u00e9rants met donc la table pour mieux comprendre le contexte et le but recherch\u00e9 par la <i>Loi 99<\/i> et nous permet de conclure, de fa\u00e7on pr\u00e9liminaire, qu&#8217;il ne s&#8217;agissait pas de fournir au Qu\u00e9bec des armes pour devenir un \u00c9tat ind\u00e9pendant, co\u00fbte que co\u00fbte, de mani\u00e8re cavali\u00e8re, et sans respecter la recette que la Cour supr\u00eame avait fournie dans son <i>Avis consultatif<\/i> pour faire lever le g\u00e2teau.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[419]<\/b>&nbsp; An analysis of all the recitals therefore sets the table to better understand the context and purpose of <i>Bill 99<\/i> and allows us to conclude, in a preliminary way, that it was not a question of providing Quebec with arms to become an independent state, whatever the cost, cavalierly, and without respecting the recipe that the Supreme Court had provided in its <i>Advisory Opinion<\/i> to make the cake rise.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[420]<\/b>&nbsp; La table est mise pour l&#8217;\u00e9tude de l&#8217;article 1.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[420]<\/b>&nbsp; The table is set for the study of Section 1.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>5.3.3<\/b>&nbsp; <b>Article 1<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>5.3.3<\/b>&nbsp; <b>Section 1<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[421]<\/b>&nbsp; Le fait que le l\u00e9gislateur \u00e9dict\u00e9 que le peuple qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois est titulaire d&#8217;un droit de disposer lui-m\u00eame \u00aben fait et en droit\u00bb pr\u00e9occupe le requ\u00e9rant.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[421]<\/b>&nbsp; The fact the legislator enacts that the Quebec people is the bearer of a right to dispose of itself \u201cin fact and in law\u201d is of concern to the applicant.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[422]<\/b>&nbsp; Sur ce point, il n&#8217;a pas tout \u00e0 fait tort de se sentir interpell\u00e9, lorsque l\u2019on fait uniquement la lecture de l&#8217;article 1.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[422]<\/b>&nbsp; On this point, he is not entirely wrong to feel buttonholed when reading Section 1 by itself.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[423]<\/b>&nbsp; Et lorsque l&#8217;article 1 est lu sous l&#8217;\u00e9clairage apport\u00e9 par les autres articles que le requ\u00e9rant conteste, cette premi\u00e8re impression s&#8217;accentue.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[423]<\/b>&nbsp; And when Section 1 is read in light of the other Sections that the Applicant contests, this first impression is accentuated.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[424]<\/b>&nbsp; En effet, dans ceux-ci, nous retrouvons le concept de libert\u00e9 de choisir son r\u00e9gime politique et son statut juridique (articles 2 et 3), la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au fait d&#8217;\u00eatre le seul \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer les modalit\u00e9s de l&#8217;exercice de ce droit de choisir (article 3), une option gagnante d\u00e9termin\u00e9e par le peuple \u00e0 la majorit\u00e9 des votes (article 4), le fait que l&#8217;\u00c9tat qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois tient sa l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de la volont\u00e9 du peuple (article 5, alin\u00e9a 1) et, finalement, qu&#8217;aucun autre gouvernement ne peut r\u00e9duire les pouvoirs des organes d\u00e9cisionnels du Qu\u00e9bec ni contraindre la volont\u00e9 du peuple qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois \u00e0 disposer de lui-m\u00eame (article 13).<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[424]<\/b>&nbsp; Indeed, in these we find again the concept of freedom to choose one\u2019s political regime and legal status (Sections 2 and 3), reference to the fact of determining on one&#8217;s own the criteria for the exercise of this right to choose (Section 3), a winning option determined by a majority of the people&#8217;s votes (Section 4), the fact that the Quebec State derives its legitimacy from the will of the people (Section 5, paragraph 1) and finally, that no other government can reduce the powers of Quebec\u2019s decision-making bodies or constrain the will of the Quebec people to dispose of itself (Section 13).<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[425]<\/b>&nbsp; Vite fait, voil\u00e0 en apparence une belle trame pour interpeller ceux qui ont peur que le Qu\u00e9bec se s\u00e9pare et qui ne souhaitent pas un tel d\u00e9nouement, surtout s&#8217;il est ensuite impos\u00e9 aux autres.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[425]<\/b>&nbsp; Quickly enough, we have in appearance a fine plot to stir up those who fear that Quebec will secede and do not desire such an outcome, above all if it is then imposed on others.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[426]<\/b>&nbsp; Lorsque l&#8217;on rajoute les d\u00e9signations souverainistes sur lesquelles nous avons \u00e9labor\u00e9, qui se trouvent \u00e0 la fois dans les consid\u00e9rants et dans le reste des dispositions non contest\u00e9es de la <i>Loi 99<\/i>, cela amplifie l&#8217;impression que cette <i>Loi<\/i> puisse <i>a priori<\/i> mener \u00e0 une s\u00e9cession unilat\u00e9rale du Qu\u00e9bec du reste du Canada, sur simple d\u00e9claration et sans autres formalit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[426]<\/b>&nbsp; When we add the sovereignist designations on which we have expanded, which are found in the recitals as well as in the rest of the uncontested provisions of <i>Bill 99<\/i>, this amplifies the impression that this Act may lead <i>a priori<\/i> to a unilateral secession of Quebec from the rest of Canada by a simple declaration and without other formalities.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">__________<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">__________<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n  <span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>160.<\/b>&nbsp; Cela se retrouve dans le <i>Journal des d\u00e9bats<\/i> du 25 mai, 30 mai, 21 novembre et 7 d\u00e9cembre 2000, (\u00e0 la page 7989, pour le dernier).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>160.<\/b>&nbsp; This is found in the <i>Journal des d\u00e9bats<\/i> of May 25th, May 30th, November 21st and December 7th, 2000, (the latter at page 7989).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>500-05-065031-013<\/b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PAGE 66<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>500-05-065031-013<\/b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PAGE 66<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[427]<\/b>&nbsp; Si l\u2019on prend cette bouch\u00e9e au complet, elle est excitante pour les souverainistes, mais elle est indigeste pour ceux qui souhaitent demeurer au sein de la f\u00e9d\u00e9ration canadienne.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[427]<\/b>&nbsp; If we swallow the morsel whole, it is exciting for sovereignists, but indigestible for those who wish to remain in the Canadian federation.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[428]<\/b>&nbsp; Personne ne peut donc critiquer le requ\u00e9rant d&#8217;avoir eu l&#8217;impression de manquer d&#8217;air lorsqu&#8217;il a fait l&#8217;exercice, si pour ce faire, il n&#8217;a travaill\u00e9 qu&#8217;avec la r\u00e8gle d&#8217;interpr\u00e9tation pr\u00e9vue \u00e0 l&#8217;article 40 de la <i>Loi d&#8217;interpr\u00e9tation<\/i>, qui sugg\u00e8re d&#8217;interpr\u00e9ter les dispositions d&#8217;une loi les unes avec les autres, plut\u00f4t de compl\u00e9ter l&#8217;analyse \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re de toutes les autres. En cessant l&#8217;exercice \u00e0 la seule analyse de ces dispositions sp\u00e9cifiques de la <i>Loi<\/i>, cette combinaison d&#8217;\u00e9l\u00e9ments pouvait lui donner raison, <i>a priori<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[428]<\/b>&nbsp; No one can therefore criticize the applicant for feeling out of breath when he performed the exercise, if in doing so, he only worked with the rule of interpretation at Section 40 of the <i>Interpretation Act<\/i>, which suggests construing the provisions of an Act by one another, rather than completing the analysis in light of all the others.&nbsp; In stopping the exercise with a study of just these specific provisions of the <i>Act<\/i>, this combination of elements might vindicate him, <i>a priori<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[429]<\/b>&nbsp; C&#8217;est donc l\u00e0 que les autres r\u00e8gles que nous avons pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es auparavant entrent en sc\u00e8ne et qu&#8217;une fois le cocktail analytique bien brass\u00e9, il n&#8217;a pas le m\u00eame go\u00fbt que le pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent et il ne g\u00e9n\u00e8re pas les m\u00eames effets.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[429]<\/b>&nbsp; This is where the other rules that we presented come into play, and once well blended, the analytical cocktail hasn\u2019t the same taste as the preceding one, and it does not generate the same effects.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[430]<\/b>&nbsp; Apr\u00e8s s&#8217;\u00eatre entre autres arr\u00eat\u00e9 un tant soit peu sur les comp\u00e9tences constitutionnelles dont jouit le Qu\u00e9bec pour g\u00e9rer ses affaires, ainsi que sur la pr\u00e9somption de constitutionnalit\u00e9 qui s&#8217;impose au juge d&#8217;instance et pr\u00e9sume que le l\u00e9gislateur conna\u00eet les limites de ce sur quoi il est autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u00e9gif\u00e9rer, le requ\u00e9rant ne satisfait pas le fardeau qui lui incombe de d\u00e9montrer que les articles contest\u00e9s sont inconstitutionnels.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[430]<\/b>&nbsp; After having, <i>inter alia<\/i>, briefly reviewed the constitutional jurisdiction enjoyed by Quebec to manage its affairs, as well as the presumption of constitutionality imposed on the trial judge and that presumes the legislator knows the limits of its authority to legislate, the applicant has not met the burden incumbent on him of proving the contested articles unconstitutional.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[431]<\/b>&nbsp; Tout d&#8217;abord, la preuve intrins\u00e8que ne fait aucunement r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la s\u00e9cession unilat\u00e9rale; elle ne le fait ni directement ni par implication n\u00e9cessaire.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[431]<\/b>&nbsp; First of all, the intrinsic evidence makes no reference to unilateral secession; either directly or by necessary implication.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[432]<\/b>&nbsp; Sur cet aspect, il ne faut pas oublier que l&#8217;expression implication <i>n\u00e9cessaire<\/i>&nbsp; comporte le mot n\u00e9cessaire, qui se d\u00e9finit comme quelque chose \u00ab dont on ne peut se passer.<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:11px;\"><sup>161<\/sup><\/span>\u00bb Il ne peut donc s&#8217;agir que d&#8217;une simple possibilit\u00e9 ni d&#8217;une vague hypoth\u00e8se.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[432]<\/b>&nbsp; On this aspect, it must not be forgotten that the term \u2018necessary implication\u2019 includes the word <i>necessary<\/i>, defined as something \u201cwe cannot do without\u201d.<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:11px;\"><sup>161<\/sup><\/span>&nbsp; It thus cannot be a mere possibility or a vague hypothesis.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[433]<\/b>&nbsp; Lorsque l\u2019on demande au ministre Facal si le gouvernement entend utiliser l&#8217;article 1 pour faire la s\u00e9cession, sa r\u00e9ponse est sans d\u00e9tour : \u00ab&nbsp;pas du tout&nbsp;\u00bb<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:11px;\"><sup>162<\/sup><\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[433]<\/b>&nbsp; When Minister Facal is asked whether the government intends to utilize Section 1 to secede, the straightforward answer is:&nbsp; \u201cnot at all\u201d.<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:11px;\"><sup>162<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[434]<\/b>&nbsp; Se pourrait-il qu&#8217;il ait voulu cacher l&#8217;id\u00e9e d&#8217;une \u00e9ventuelle s\u00e9cession unilat\u00e9rale sans n\u00e9gociations derri\u00e8re les mots contenus dans cet article?<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[434]<\/b>&nbsp; Could it (the legislator) have wanted to hide the idea of an eventual unilateral secession, without negotiations, behind the words contained in this Section?\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[435]<\/b>&nbsp; La r\u00e9ponse est non.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[435]<\/b>&nbsp; The answer is no.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[436]<\/b>&nbsp; Non seulement ce n&#8217;est pas ce que ces mots v\u00e9hiculent comme id\u00e9e, mais conclure ainsi irait \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des r\u00e8gles d&#8217;interpr\u00e9tation dont nous avons fait \u00e9tat dans la section pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, lesquelles exigent davantage que de simples suppositions ou hypoth\u00e8ses pour entrer dans la ronde des d\u00e9clarations d\u2019\u00efnconstitutionnalit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[436]<\/b>&nbsp; Not only do these words not convey that idea, but to conclude to that effect runs counter to the rules of interpretation described in the preceding section, which require more than mere suppositions or assumptions to enter the round-up of declarations of unconstitutionality.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">__________<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">__________<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n  <span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>161.<\/b>&nbsp; Dictionnaire le <i>Petit Robert<\/i> de la langue fran\u00e7aise 2013.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>162.<\/b>&nbsp; <i>Journal des d\u00e9bats<\/i> du 25 mai 2000, page 6170.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>161.<\/b>&nbsp; The <i>Petit Robert<\/i> dictionary of the French language, 2013.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>162.<\/b>&nbsp; <i>Journal des d\u00e9bats<\/i> of May 25th, 2000, page 6170.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>500-05-065031-013<\/b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PAGE 67<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>500-05-065031-013<\/b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PAGE 67<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[437]<\/b>&nbsp; Afin d&#8217;\u00e9vacuer compl\u00e8tement cette hypoth\u00e8se, l&#8217;extrait suivant du <i>Journal des d\u00e9bats<\/i> confirme les r\u00e9elles intentions du l\u00e9gislateur, lorsque le ministre Facal d\u00e9clare qu&#8217;\u00ab(&#8230;) il n&#8217;est aucunement question par l&#8217;article 1 de lui (en parlant du peuple qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois) conf\u00e9rer un quelconque droit \u00e0 la s\u00e9cession\u00bb<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:11px;\"><sup>163<\/sup><\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[437]<\/b>&nbsp; In order to completely eliminate this hypothesis, the following excerpt from the <em>Journal des d\u00e9bats<\/em> confirms the real intentions of the legislator, when Minister Facal states (in speaking of the Quebec people):&nbsp; \u201c(\u2026) there is no question of Section 1\u2019s conferring on it any right to secession.\u201d&nbsp; <span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:11px;\"><sup>163<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[438]<\/b>&nbsp; Mais n&#8217;en demeure pas moins que sans b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de tout l&#8217;\u00e9clairage juridique sur une mati\u00e8re qui n&#8217;est pas des plus simples, cet article pouvait laisser entendre au commun des mortels que le peuple est roi et ma\u00eetre, qu&#8217;il peut tout faire par l&#8217;interm\u00e9diaire de ses institutions l\u00e9gitimes, et qu&#8217;ensemble, ils n&#8217;ont rien \u00e0 se faire imposer par quiconque.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[438]<\/b>&nbsp; But it remains, nevertheless, that without the benefit of all the legal light on a subject that is not one of the simplest, this section might suggest to ordinary mortals that the people are king and master, capable of all through their legitimate institutions, and that no one can impose anything on either of them.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[439]<\/b>&nbsp; Le fait d&#8217;ajouter \u00aben fait et en droit\u00bb dans l&#8217;article 1 pouvait donc faire peur, mais cela ne change rien \u00e0 la port\u00e9e de <i>L\u2019Avis consultatif<\/i> et cela est insuffisant pour cr\u00e9er un droit direct ou indirect \u00e0 la s\u00e9cession unilat\u00e9rale, au sens o\u00f9 la Cour supr\u00eame l&#8217;a d\u00e9fini.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[439]<\/b>&nbsp; The addition of \u201cin fact and in law\u201d to Section 1 might therefore strike fear, but that changes nothing in the scope of the <i>Advisory Opinion<\/i> and is insufficient to create a direct or indirect right to unilateral secession, as defined by the Supreme Court.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[440]<\/b>&nbsp; Selon nous, cela r\u00e8gle les dol\u00e9ances du requ\u00e9rant \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de l&#8217;article 1 et suffit pour conclure qu&#8217;il est conforme \u00e0 la <i>Constitution<\/i>, sans qu&#8217;il soit n\u00e9cessaire de passer par la technique de l&#8217;interpr\u00e9tation att\u00e9nu\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[440]<\/b>&nbsp; In our view, this resolves the applicant\u2019s complaints against Section 1 and is enough to conclude that it conforms to the <i>Constitution<\/i>, without its being necessary to use the technique of reading down.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>5.3.4<\/b> <b>Article 2<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>5.3.4<\/b> <b>Section 2<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[441]<\/b>&nbsp; \u00c0 notre avis, les mots les plus significatifs de cet article sont \u00abchoisir librement\u00bb.&nbsp; Ils trouvent tout leur sens \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re de la r\u00e8gle d&#8217;interpr\u00e9tation de l&#8217;article 41&nbsp;: le l\u00e9gislateur ne parle pas pour ne rien dire.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[441]<\/b>&nbsp; In our opinion, the most significant words in this Section are \u201cfreely decide\u201d.&nbsp; They find their full meaning in light of the rule of interpretation at Section 41:&nbsp;  the legislator does not speak to say nothing.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[442]<\/b>&nbsp; Cet article r\u00e9it\u00e8re le droit de la population qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise de choisir librement le r\u00e9gime politique et le statut juridique qui lui conviennent, peu importe les caract\u00e9ristiques particuli\u00e8res portant sur la langue et la culture, la diff\u00e9rence n&#8217;ayant ici aucune incidence sur l&#8217;id\u00e9e v\u00e9hicul\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[442]<\/b>&nbsp; This Section reiterates the right of the Quebec population to freely choose the political regime and legal status that suits them, regardless of particular characteristics of language and culture, the difference here having no impact on the idea conveyed.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[443]<\/b>&nbsp; Cette r\u00e9alit\u00e9 n&#8217;est pas nouvelle, la preuve en \u00e9tant faite que la population du Qu\u00e9bec a d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait ce genre de choix au tout d\u00e9but de la <i>Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration<\/i>, en acceptant d&#8217;y adh\u00e9rer.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[443]<\/b>&nbsp; This reality is not new, the proof being that the people of Quebec already made this kind of choice at the very beginning of <i>Confederation<\/i>, by agreeing to join it.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[444]<\/b>&nbsp; C&#8217;est l&#8217;illustration du principe de la d\u00e9mocratie auquel la Cour supr\u00eame fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence dans son <i>Avis consultatif<\/i> de 1998, dans le m\u00eame contexte que celui qui nous int\u00e9resse.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[444]<\/b>&nbsp; This is the illustration of the principle of democracy to which the Supreme Court refers in its <i>Advisory Opinion<\/i> of 1998, in the same context as that which concerns us.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[445]<\/b>&nbsp; Pour comprendre ce que comporte l&#8217;article 2, il est essentiel de faire la distinction entre choisir un r\u00e9gime politique et choisir un statut juridique.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[445]<\/b>&nbsp; To understand what Section 2 entails, it is essential to distinguish between choosing a political regime and choosing a legal status.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[446]<\/b>&nbsp; Le choix de r\u00e9gime politique g\u00e9n\u00e8re des effets en une seule \u00e9tape&nbsp;: la population choisit ceux qui exerceront le pouvoir en leur nom, le ballon leur est remis et les \u00e9lus<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[446]<\/b>&nbsp; The choice of political regime generates effects in just one step:&nbsp; the population chooses those who will exercise power on their behalf, the ball is in their court, and the elected officials<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">__________<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">__________<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n  <span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>163.<\/b>&nbsp; <i>Journal des d\u00e9bats<\/i> du 30 mai, page 22 sur 53.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>163.<\/b>&nbsp; <i>Journal of Debates<\/i> of May 30th, 2000, page 6170.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>500-05-065031-013<\/b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PAGE 68<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>500-05-065031-013<\/b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PAGE 68<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">d\u00e9cident ensuite de la suite des choses, sous r\u00e9serve de rendre des comptes et d&#8217;\u00eatre imputables, politiquement.&nbsp; L\u00e0 s&#8217;arr\u00eate l&#8217;exercice.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">then decide on the continuation of things, subject to being held accountable, politically.&nbsp; There stops the exercise.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[447]<\/b>&nbsp; Pour ce qui est du choix de statut juridique, ce qui serait le cas si la population d\u00e9sirait ne plus faire partie de la f\u00e9d\u00e9ration canadienne, et donc de sortir des effets juridiques g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par le fait d&#8217;avoir sign\u00e9 le contrat qu&#8217;est la <i>Constitution<\/i>, le simple fait de voter en faveur du projet de s\u00e9cession propos\u00e9 par les \u00e9lus lors d&#8217;un r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum n&#8217;est pas suffisant pour que le choix effectu\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e8re des effets juridiques, comme l&#8217;\u00e9tablit clairement la Cour supr\u00eame, dans son <i>Avis consultatif<\/i> be 1998.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[447]<\/b>&nbsp; As to the choice of legal status, which would be the case if the population wished to no longer be a part of the Canadian federation and so remove themselves from the legal effects generated by the fact of having signed the contract that is the <em>Constitution<\/em>, the simple fact of voting in a referendum in favor of the secession project proposed by the elected representatives is not sufficient for the choice made to generate legal effects, as clearly established by the Supreme Court, in its 1998 <i>Advisory Opinion<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[448]<\/b>&nbsp; En ce qui concerne le premier type de choix (parti politique), la partie se joue \u00e0 l&#8217;interne et concerne exclusivement la population du Qu\u00e9bec.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[448]<\/b>&nbsp; As to the first type of choice (political party), the party plays internally and exclusively concerns the population of Quebec.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[449]<\/b>&nbsp; Une fois ses repr\u00e9sentants \u00e9lus, la population vit avec les cons\u00e9quences de son choix jusqu\u2019aux prochaines \u00e9lections, soit avec les d\u00e9put\u00e9s et le parti port\u00e9 au pouvoir.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[449]<\/b>&nbsp; Once its representatives are elected, the population lives with the consequences of its choice until the next elections, which is to say with the Members and the party in power.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[450]<\/b>&nbsp; Pour ce qui est du deuxi\u00e8me type de choix (statut juridique), la partie se joue en deux \u00e9tapes et comporte une portion interne, la premi\u00e8re, et une portion interactive, qui se joue \u00e0 la fois \u00e0 l&#8217;interne et \u00e0 l&#8217;externe.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[450]<\/b>&nbsp; For the second type of choice (legal status), the game is played in two steps, comprising an internal portion (the first); and an interactive portion, played both internally and externally at once.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[451]<\/b>&nbsp; Tout d&#8217;abord, la population est consult\u00e9e et vote sur l&#8217;un ou l&#8217;autre des projets propos\u00e9s ou sur l&#8217;unique question pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e; le r\u00e9sultat du vote d\u00e9termine quel mandat sera r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par ceux \u00e0 qui la population a confi\u00e9 le pouvoir d\u00e9cisionnel.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[451]<\/b>&nbsp; First of all, the population is consulted and votes on one or the other of the proposed projects or on the single question presented; the vote result determines which mandate will be achieved by those to whom the population has entrusted the decision-making power.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[452]<\/b>&nbsp; Une fois le mandat clair octroy\u00e9, les repr\u00e9sentants de la population posent ensuite les gestes n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la transformation d&#8217;un projet l\u00e9gitime vers un acte juridique formel.&nbsp; Et comme l\u2019a tr\u00e8s bien expliqu\u00e9 la Cour supr\u00eame, cela ne peut que passer par une n\u00e9gociation avec les autres membres de la f\u00e9d\u00e9ration, d&#8217;o\u00f9 les cons\u00e9quences sur l&#8217;ext\u00e9rieur de la province qui veut faire s\u00e9cession.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[452]<\/b>&nbsp; Once the clear mandate has been granted, the representatives of the population then take the necessary steps to transform a legitimate project into a formal legal act.&nbsp; And as the Supreme Court has very clearly explained, this can only be done through negotiation with the other members of the federation, hence the consequences external to the province that wishes to secede.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[453]<\/b>&nbsp; La Cour supr\u00eame est tr\u00e8s claire sur la division de ce processus en deux phases.&nbsp; C&#8217;est ce qui lui fait dire que la premi\u00e8re phase a des effets \u00e0 l&#8217;ext\u00e9rieur de la province, mais uniquement en termes de l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9, en ce sens qu&#8217;un vote favorable \u00e0 la s\u00e9cession ne pourrait \u00eatre ignor\u00e9 des autres partenaires de la f\u00e9d\u00e9ration.&nbsp; Mais elle insiste&nbsp;: un tel vote n&#8217;a toutefois aucun effet juridique.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[453]<\/b>&nbsp; The Supreme Court is very clear on the division of this process into two phases.&nbsp; This is why it says that the first phase has effects outside the province, but only in terms of legitimacy, in the sense that a vote in favor of secession could not be ignored by other partners in the federation.&nbsp; But it insists:&nbsp; such a vote, nonetheless, has no legal effect.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[454]<\/b>&nbsp; C&#8217;est donc le parfait exemple de l&#8217;interaction entre les diff\u00e9rents principes auxquels adh\u00e8re la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne&nbsp;: &nbsp; le principe de la d\u00e9mocratie, dont r\u00e9sulte ce vote l\u00e9gitime, le principe du constitutionnalisme, puisque nous sommes r\u00e9gis par la <i>Constitution<\/i>, qui est la loi supr\u00eame et le principe de la primaut\u00e9 du droit, puisque nous avons collectivement choisi d&#8217;\u00eatre r\u00e9gi par la r\u00e8gle de droit, dont fait entre autres partie la <i>Constitution<\/i>, afin d&#8217;assurer le bon ordre et la stabilit\u00e9 des relations tant au sein des provinces que dans l&#8217;ensemble du Canada.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[454]<\/b>&nbsp; This is therefore the perfect example of the interaction between the different principles to which Canadian society adheres: the principle of democracy, from which this legitimate vote results, the principle of constitutionalism, since we are governed by the <em>Constitution<\/em>, which is the supreme law and the principle of the rule of law, since we have collectively chosen to be governed by the rule of law, of which the Constitution, among other things, is a part, so as to ensure order and stability of relations both within provinces and in Canada as a whole.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>500-05-065031-013<\/b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PAGE 69<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>500-05-065031-013<\/b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PAGE 69<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[455]<\/b> Pour faire progresser le d\u00e9sir de faire s\u00e9cession vers une mat\u00e9rialisation concr\u00e8te de celui-ci, il doit n\u00e9cessairement y avoir des modifications \u00e0 la <i>Constitution<\/i>, ne serait-ce que pour retirer le nom du Qu\u00e9bec de cet acte juridique.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[455]<\/b> To advance the desire to secede toward concrete materialization, there must necessarily be amendments to the <i>Constitution<\/i>, if only to remove the name of Quebec from this legal act.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[456]<\/b> Et cela ne peut passer que par le travail acharn\u00e9 des \u00e9lus qui devront n\u00e9gocier les param\u00e8tres de l&#8217;entente \u00e0 l&#8217;issue de laquelle le Qu\u00e9bec pourra enlever son nom de la <i>Constitution<\/i>, si tel est le mandat que la population qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise confie \u00e0 ses \u00e9lus et si ces \u00e9lus d\u00e9cident d&#8217;aller de l&#8217;avant avec la mise en \u0153uvre du mandat, ce qu&#8217;ils n&#8217;ont pas d&#8217;obligation l\u00e9gale de faire, bien qu&#8217;ils doivent g\u00e9rer l&#8217;impact moral et politique de ne pas aller de l&#8217;avant s&#8217;ils ne veulent pas faire les frais d&#8217;une telle d\u00e9cision lors de prochaines \u00e9lections.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[456]<\/b> And this can only happen through the hard work of the elected officials who must negotiate the parameters of the agreement at the end of which Quebec will be able to remove its name from the <i>Constitution<\/i>, if that is the mandate that the Quebec population entrusts to its elected representatives and if these elected officials decide to go ahead with implementation of the mandate, which they have no legal obligation to do, although they must manage the moral and political impact of not moving forward if they do not want to pay for such a decision at the next election.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[457]<\/b>&nbsp; \u00c0 notre avis, ce long la\u00efus \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire pour comprendre dans quelle r\u00e9alit\u00e9 socio politique et juridique le l\u00e9gislateur qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois a l\u00e9gif\u00e9r\u00e9, afin d&#8217;appr\u00e9cier ce qu&#8217;il a fait et les limites de ce qu&#8217;il pouvait faire lorsqu&#8217;il a \u00e9dict\u00e9 l&#8217;article 2.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[457]<\/b>&nbsp; In our view, this lengthy examination was necessary to understand the socio-political and legal reality in which the Quebec legislature legislated, so as to appreciate what it did and the limits of what it could do when it enacted Section 2.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[458]<\/b>&nbsp; Lorsque l&#8217;id\u00e9e derri\u00e8re cet article est discut\u00e9e devant l&#8217;Assembl\u00e9e nationale, le ministre Facal attire l&#8217;attention de son auditoire sur le fait que le peuple qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois s&#8217;est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9valu du droit de choisir lorsqu&#8217;il a donn\u00e9 mandat \u00e0 ses \u00e9lus de signer la <i>Constitution<\/i> lorsqu&#8217;il \u00e9tait alors int\u00e9ress\u00e9 \u00e0 substituer le statut juridique de province du Dominion par une participation dans un r\u00e9gime f\u00e9d\u00e9ratif, en 1867.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[458]<\/b>&nbsp; When the idea behind this Section was discussed in the National Assembly, Minister Facal drew the attention of his audience to the fact that the Quebec people had already exercised the right to choose when they gave their mandate to their elected officials to sign the Constitution when it was interested at that time in substituting for the legal status of a province of the Dominion, participation in a federative regime in 1867.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[459]<\/b>&nbsp; Il ajoute que lorsqu&#8217;il a fait ce choix, \u00able peuple\u00bb n&#8217;a jamais renonc\u00e9 \u00e0 la possibilit\u00e9 de faire un autre choix, un jour, pour sortir de cette f\u00e9d\u00e9ration<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:11px;\"><sup>164<\/sup><\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[459]<\/b>&nbsp; He adds that when they made that choice, \u201cthe people\u201d never renounced the possibility of making another choice, one day, to exit this federation.<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:11px;\"><sup>164<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[460]<\/b>&nbsp; Selon nous, ce que vise l&#8217;article 2 rel\u00e8ve des affaires internes du Qu\u00e9bec et envoie le message que la libert\u00e9 de choisir du peuple ne sera alt\u00e9r\u00e9e par l&#8217;intervention d&#8217;aucun tiers.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[460]<\/b>&nbsp; In our opinion, Section 2 refers to the internal affairs of Quebec and sends the message that the people&#8217;s freedom of choice will not be altered by the intervention of any third party.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[461]<\/b>&nbsp; Cette libert\u00e9 de faire a toujours exist\u00e9 et l&#8217;article 2 n&#8217;ajoute rien de nouveau.&nbsp; Il fait que r\u00e9affirmer l&#8217;\u00e9tat des choses, tout simplement, et ce, en r\u00e9action \u00e0 la <i>Loi C-20<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[461]<\/b>&nbsp; This freedom to act has always existed and Section 2 adds nothing new.&nbsp; It only reaffirms the status of things, quite simply, and this in reaction to <i>Bill C-20<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[462]<\/b>&nbsp; La SSJBM apporte l&#8217;un des seuls arguments qui rel\u00e8ve de l&#8217;impact des mots sous l&#8217;angle de la langue utilis\u00e9e, qu&#8217;il est int\u00e9ressant de rappeler afin de boucler la boucle sur ce que le l\u00e9gislateur ne fait pas en \u00e9dictant l&#8217;article 2.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[462]<\/b>&nbsp; The SSJBM brings in one of the only arguments about the impact of words in terms of the language used, which is interesting to recall so as to latch the buckle on what the legislator is not doing by enacting Section 2.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[463]<\/b>&nbsp; Elle soutient que le mot \u00abchoisir\u00bb, qui signifie \u00abprendre quelque chose, de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 une autre\u00bb, traduit en anglais par \u00ab<i>right to choose<\/i>\u00bb, n&#8217;est pas synonyme de \u00abproclamer\u00bb, \u00abd\u00e9clarer\u00bb, \u00ab<i>to proclame<\/i>\u00bb [sic] ou \u00ab<i>to declare independance<\/i>\u00bb [sic].<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[463]<\/b>&nbsp; It argues that the word \u201c<i>choisir<\/i>\u201d, which means \u201cto take one thing in preference to another,\u201d translates in English as \u201c<i>right to choose<\/i>,\u201d and is not synonymous with \u201c<i>to proclaim<\/i>\u201d or \u201c<i>to declare independence<\/i>\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[464]<\/b>&nbsp; En application de l&#8217;article 41 de la <i>Loi d&#8217;interpr\u00e9tation<\/i>, si le l\u00e9gislateur choisit certains mots plut\u00f4t que d&#8217;autres, il faut y voir une intention de ne pas faire ce que les mots qui ne se retrouvent pas auraient pu permettre de faire.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[464]<\/b>&nbsp; Pursuant to Section 41 of the <i>Interpretation Act<\/i>, if the legislator chooses certain words rather than others, it must be seen as an intention not to do what those words not found might have allowed to be done.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">__________<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">__________<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n  <span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>164.<\/b>&nbsp; <i>Journal des d\u00e9bats<\/i> du 30 mai 2000, page 31 sur 53.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>164.<\/b>&nbsp; <i>Journal of Debates<\/i> of May 30th, 2000, page 22 of 53.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>500-05-065031-013<\/b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PAGE 70<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>500-05-065031-013<\/b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PAGE 70<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[465]<\/b>&nbsp; C&#8217;est l\u00e0 que l&#8217;argument de la SSJBM prend tout son sens, tout comme une certaine connaissance de notre syst\u00e8me politique et juridique, pour ceux qui ne sont pas des initi\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[465]<\/b>&nbsp; This is where the SSJBM\u2019s argument makes sense for the uninitiated, along with some knowledge of our political and legal system.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[466]<\/b>&nbsp; Ainsi, derri\u00e8re les mots utilis\u00e9s dans cet article, dans le contexte de notre litige, nous ne voyons rien d&#8217;autre que le droit de la population qui r\u00e9side au Qu\u00e9bec d&#8217;\u00eatre consult\u00e9e, afin de voter lors de la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape d&#8217;un projet souverainiste.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[466]<\/b>&nbsp; Thus, behind the words used in this Section, in the context of our litigation, we see nothing but the right of the population residing in Quebec to be consulted, in order to vote during the first stage of a sovereignist project.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[467]<\/b>&nbsp; Ce que recherche le l\u00e9gislateur et les mots qu&#8217;il utilise respectent donc sa comp\u00e9tence interne, pr\u00e9vue \u00e0 l&#8217;article 45 de la <i>Loi constitutionnelle de 1982<\/i> et les effets de l&#8217;exercice de ce choix \u00e0 l&#8217;ext\u00e9rieur du Qu\u00e9bec sont limit\u00e9s \u00e0 ce que la Cour supr\u00eame a d\u00e9j\u00e0 reconnu, soit la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 du projet s\u00e9cessionniste, qui ne pourrait \u00eatre ignor\u00e9 des autres membres de la f\u00e9d\u00e9ration, qui auraient l&#8217;obligation de n\u00e9gocier de bonne foi pour que la phase deux de ce projet puisse se mat\u00e9rialiser.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[467]<\/b>&nbsp; What the legislator is seeking, and the words he uses, therefore respect its internal jurisdiction, provided for at Section 45 of the <i>Constitution Act<\/i>, 1982, and the effects of the exercise of that choice outside Quebec are limited to what the Supreme Court has already rec-ognized, namely the legitimacy of the secessionist project, which could not be ignored by the other members of the federation, who would have the duty to negotiate in good faith so that phase two of this project can materialize.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[468]<\/b>&nbsp; Avec les r\u00e8gles g\u00e9n\u00e9rales d&#8217;interpr\u00e9tation, nous ne voyons aucune contravention \u00e0 la <i>Constitution<\/i>&nbsp; dans cet article, que ce soit dans son objet ou ses effets, directs ou indirects, ou par implication n\u00e9cessaire.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[468]<\/b>&nbsp; With the general rules of interpretation, we see no contravention of the <i>Constitution<\/i>&nbsp; in this Section, whether in its object or effects, direct or indirect, or by necessary implication.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[469]<\/b>&nbsp; Avec ces observations, \u00e9tendre la port\u00e9e des mots utilis\u00e9s dans l&#8217;article 2 \u00e0 une d\u00e9claration unilat\u00e9rale de s\u00e9cession sans n\u00e9gociations pr\u00e9alables ferait faire au texte l\u00e9gislatif des pirouettes interpr\u00e9tatives qui ne trouvent aucun appui dans la preuve intrins\u00e8que ou dans la preuve extrins\u00e8que analys\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[469]<\/b>&nbsp; With these observations, expanding the scope of the words used in Section 2 to a unilateral declaration of secession without prior negotiations would twist the legislative text into interpretative pirouettes that find no support in the intrinsic evidence or in the extrinsic evidence analyzed.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>5.3.5<\/b>&nbsp; <b>Article 3<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>5.3.5<\/b>&nbsp; <b>Section 3<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[470]<\/b>&nbsp; Les mots utilis\u00e9s dans cet article semblent \u00eatre une variation sur le m\u00eame th\u00e8me que celui \u00e9nonc\u00e9 dans les deux premiers articles.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[470]<\/b>&nbsp; The words used in this Section appear to be a variation on the same theme as that enunciated in the first two sections.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[471]<\/b>&nbsp; C&#8217;est un peu comme une forme de menu d\u00e9roulant qui d\u00e9veloppe toujours la m\u00eame id\u00e9e: nous sommes assez grands pour nous occuper de nos propres affaires sans subir d&#8217;ing\u00e9rence des autres membres de la f\u00e9d\u00e9ration.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[471]<\/b>&nbsp; It\u2019s a bit like a drop-down menu that always develops the same idea:&nbsp; we are big enough to take care of our own affairs without being interfered with by other members of the federation.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[472]<\/b>&nbsp; Pour ceux qui craignent un possible complot s\u00e9cessionniste, les mots \u00abd\u00e9termine seul\u00bb sont probablement les plus irritants, et ils n&#8217;ont pas tort, <i>a priori<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[472]<\/b>&nbsp; For those who fear a possible secessionist plot\u2014and they are not wrong, <i>a priori<\/i>\u2014the words \u201cdetermine alone\u201d are probably the most irritating.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[473]<\/b>&nbsp; Mais comme nous l&#8217;avons fait pour les autres articles, il ne faut pas nous arr\u00eater qu&#8217;\u00e0 ces mots, car ils sont accompagn\u00e9s par d&#8217;autres qui y donnent un sens particulier et plus pr\u00e9cis, soit \u00ables modalit\u00e9s de l&#8217;exercice de son droit de choisir\u00bb.&nbsp; Ces mots doivent aussi tenir compte de ce qui se trouve ailleurs dans la <i>Loi<\/i>, tous les articles \u00e9tant inter reli\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[473]<\/b>&nbsp; But, as we have done for the other sections, we must not stop at these words, for they are accompanied by others which give them a particular and more precise meaning, namely \u201cthe mode of exercise of its right to choose\u201d.&nbsp; These words must also take account of what is found elsewhere in the Act, all the Sections being interrelated.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[474]<\/b>&nbsp; Quant au deuxi\u00e8me alin\u00e9a, il fait le pont pour introduire l&#8217;article 4, au sujet de la m\u00e9thode de consultation permettant au peuple d&#8217;exercer son droit de choisir.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[474]<\/b>&nbsp; As for the second paragraph, it is the bridge to intro-duce Section 4, concerning the mode of consultation allowing the people to exercise their right to choose.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>500-05-065031-013<\/b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PAGE 71<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>500-05-065031-013<\/b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PAGE 71<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[475]<\/b>&nbsp; Cela dit, l&#8217;article 3 est \u00e0 la fois tr\u00e8s clair, sur certains aspects, et ambigu, sur d&#8217;autres.&nbsp; Nous nous expliquons.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[475]<\/b>&nbsp; Having said that, Section 3 is both very clear in some respects and ambiguous in others.&nbsp; We will explain.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[476]<\/b>&nbsp; Ce qui est clair, c&#8217;est que le Qu\u00e9bec ne veut pas subir d&#8217;interf\u00e9rence de la part de quiconque lorsqu&#8217;il exercera son droit \u00e0 l&#8217;autod\u00e9termination interne.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[476]<\/b>&nbsp; What is clear is that Quebec does not want to be interfered with by anyone when exercising its right to internal self-determination.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[477]<\/b>&nbsp; Il ne veut donc personne par-dessus son \u00e9paule ou pour lui tenir la main et lui dicter comment il devra tenir le r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum provincial qui portera sur le prochain projet de s\u00e9cession, en lui soufflant d&#8217;avance les questions, en interpr\u00e9tant \u00e0 sa place ce qui constituera un r\u00e9sultat suffisant pour tirer la conclusion qui s&#8217;impose \u00e0 la suite du vote, et encore moins en fixant unilat\u00e9ralement les conditions dans lesquelles il pourra s&#8217;attendre \u00e0 ce que les autres participent \u00e0 d&#8217;\u00e9ventuelles n\u00e9gociations avec lui pour faire avancer le projet, ou d\u00e9cident plut\u00f4t de bouder dans leur coin.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[477]<\/b>&nbsp; It thus wants no one looking over its shoulder or holding its hand and dictating to it how it must conduct the provincial referendum on the next secession project, by whispering the questions to it in advance, interpreting in its place what will constitute a sufficient result to draw the conclusion indicated by the vote, and even less by unilaterally setting the conditions under which it can expect the others to participate in any negotiations with it to advance the project, or decide instead to sulk in their corner.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[478]<\/b>&nbsp; Ce qui est ambigu, c&#8217;est ce que le l\u00e9gislateur entend comme \u00e9tant la limite, s&#8217;il en est une, \u00e0 l&#8217;expression \u00ables modalit\u00e9s de l&#8217;exercice de son droit de choisir\u00bb, tout particuli\u00e8rement lorsque l&#8217;alin\u00e9a 2 ajoute une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 \u00abtoute condition <u>ou modalit\u00e9 d&#8217;exercice de ce droit<\/u>\u00bb.&nbsp; (<em>notre soulignement<\/em>)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[478]<\/b>&nbsp; What is ambiguous is what the legislator intends as being the limit, if any, to the expression \u201cthe mode of exercise of its right to choose,\u201d particularly when paragraph 2 adds a reference to \u201cno condition or <u>mode of exercise of that right<\/u>.\u201d (our underlining<\/i>).<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[479]<\/b>&nbsp; Cela couvre-t-il uniquement la tenue du r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum ou d&#8217;un quelconque autre processus de consultation interne aupr\u00e8s de la population qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise sur son avenir, ce qui respecterait les param\u00e8tres constitutionnels, car cette \u00e9tape rel\u00e8ve de sa gestion interne, ou si ces mots pourraient aussi permettre \u00e0 la population qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise de choisir son r\u00e9gime politique et son statut juridique \u00abselon la modalit\u00e9\u00bb qui pourrait aussi passer par une \u00e9ventuelle d\u00e9claration unilat\u00e9rale de s\u00e9cession faisant abstraction d&#8217;une quelconque n\u00e9gociation pr\u00e9alable pour mat\u00e9rialiser ce droit de choisir, contrairement \u00e0 ce que la Cour supr\u00eame \u00e9nonce?<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[479]<\/b>&nbsp; Does this cover solely the holding of the referendum or any other internal consultation process with the Quebec population on its future, which would respect constitutional parameters, because this step is part of its internal management, or could these words also allow the Quebec population to choose its political regime and its legal status \u201caccording to a criterion\u201d which might involve a possible unilateral declaration of secession ignoring any prior negotiation to concretize this right to choose, contrary to what the Supreme Court spells out?<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[480]<\/b>&nbsp; La question se pose et le requ\u00e9rant avait raison de se questionner sur les tenants et aboutissants de cet article.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[480]<\/b>&nbsp; The question does arise and the applicant was right to question the ins and outs of this Section.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[481]<\/b>&nbsp; Encore l\u00e0, les d\u00e9bats parlementaires et la jurisprudence arrivent en renfort pour justifier le maintien de cet article.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[481]<\/b>&nbsp; There again, the parliamentary debates and the case law provide additional support to justify the maintenance of this Section.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[482]<\/b>&nbsp; De ceux-ci, nous comprenons qu&#8217;en cas de vote favorable \u00e0 l&#8217;option souverainiste obtenu \u00e0 l&#8217;issue d&#8217;un r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum, le gouvernement provincial souhaite \u00e9viter que la s\u00e9paration du Qu\u00e9bec se mat\u00e9rialise en se faisant imposer des conditions par les autres partenaires de la f\u00e9d\u00e9ration sans pouvoir n\u00e9gocier au pr\u00e9alable avec eux lesdites conditions, donc de ne pas pouvoir dire son mot.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[482]<\/b>&nbsp; From these, we understand that in the event of a referendum vote in favor of the sovereignist option, the provincial government wishes to avoid Quebec\u2019s separation happening under conditions imposed upon it by the other partners in the federation without its being able to negotiate the conditions with them beforehand, so that it cannot have a say.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[483]<\/b>&nbsp; C&#8217;est donc tout \u00e0 fait le contraire de ce que le requ\u00e9rant craint qui motive l&#8217;adoption de cet article 3.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[483]<\/b>&nbsp; Therefore, quite the contrary of what the applicant fears, motivated the adoption of this Section 3.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[484]<\/b>&nbsp; Lucien Bouchard voyait pour sa part ceci dans le contenu de cet article 3&nbsp;:<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[484]<\/b>&nbsp; As for Lucien Bouchard, he saw this in the content of Section 3:<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>500-05-065031-013<\/b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PAGE 72<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>500-05-065031-013<\/b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PAGE 72<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<p style=\"padding-left:18px;text-align:left;\">Cet \u00e9nonc\u00e9 n&#8217;invente rien, il ne vise qu&#8217;\u00e0 emp\u00eacher toute intervention ext\u00e9rieure dans nos d\u00e9bats relatifs \u00e0 l&#8217;avenir du Qu\u00e9bec et affirme clairement que nous n&#8217;avons pas besoin collectivement d&#8217;un grand fr\u00e8re.&nbsp; (&#8230;)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<p style=\"padding-left:18px;text-align:left;\">\u201cThis statement invents nothing, it only aims to prevent outside intervention in our debates on the future of Quebec and clearly states that collectively we do not need a big brother.&nbsp; (\u2026)\u201d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[485]<\/b>&nbsp; Il ajoute ensuite que le gouvernement veut ainsi \u00e9viter qu&#8217;\u00ab<i>\u00c0 une r\u00e8gle fondamentale de la d\u00e9mocratie<\/i> (<i>le processus de consultation du peuple<\/i>), <i>le Parlement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral tente de substituer un indigne stratag\u00e8me<\/i>\u00bb par l&#8217;\u00e9tablissement d&#8217;un nouveau concept lors de la tenue d&#8217;un futur r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum : la \u00ab<i>majorit\u00e9 flottante<\/i>\u00bb<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:11px;\"><sup>165<\/sup><\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[485]<\/b>&nbsp; He goes on to say that the government wants to prevent the federal Parliament from substituting for \u201c<i>a fundamental rule of democracy<\/i> (<i>the process of consulting the people<\/i>), <i>an outrageous scheme<\/i>\u201d by establishing a new concept for a future referendum:&nbsp; the \u201c<i>floating majority<\/i>.\u201d<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:11px;\"><sup>165<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[486]<\/b>&nbsp; La comparaison entre la <i>Loi C-20<\/i> et la <i>Loi 99<\/i> nous m\u00e8ne \u00e0 la conclusion que chacun des gouvernements, de son c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la cl\u00f4ture politique, entretenait \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s les m\u00eames craintes en r\u00e9fl\u00e9chissant aux cons\u00e9quences d&#8217;un vote en faveur de l&#8217;option souverainiste suite \u00e0 ce que la Cour supr\u00eame a \u00e9nonc\u00e9 sur les droits et obligations de chacun des membres de la f\u00e9d\u00e9ration dans son <i>Avis consultatif<\/i> de 1998 : personne ne voulait se faire imposer la suite des choses sans pouvoir dire son mot et tous ont r\u00e9agi \u00e0 cette crainte.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[486]<\/b>&nbsp; A comparison of <i>Bill C-20<\/i>&nbsp; and <i>Bill 99<\/i>&nbsp; leads us to the conclusion that each of the governments, on its own side of the political fence, had pretty much the same fears in reflecting on the consequences of a vote in favor of the sovereignist option after what the Supreme Court said about the rights and duties of each member of the federation in its Advisory Opinion of 1998:&nbsp; nobody wanted to have the consequence imposed upon him without being able to say a word and all have reacted to this fear.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[487]<\/b>&nbsp; Dans ce contexte, y a-t-il quelque chose d&#8217;inconstitutionnel avec l&#8217;article 3?<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[487]<\/b>&nbsp; In this context, is there anything unconstitutional in Section 3?<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[488]<\/b>&nbsp; Nous ne le croyons pas, du moins, la d\u00e9monstration ne nous en est pas faite.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[488]<\/b>&nbsp; We do not believe so; at least, it has not been demonstrated.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[489]<\/b>&nbsp; Que ce soit parce que l\u2019on ne retrouve pas l&#8217;expression d&#8217;id\u00e9es menant directement \u00e0 une d\u00e9claration unilat\u00e9rale d&#8217;ind\u00e9pendance sans n\u00e9gociations ou parce que cette id\u00e9e ne d\u00e9coule pas des mots utilis\u00e9s ni de l&#8217;intention recherch\u00e9e par le constituant, ou par implication n\u00e9cessaire, comme cela est requis pour d\u00e9clarer la disposition inconstitutionnelle, notre conclusion est que l&#8217;article 3 vise \u00e0 \u00e9tablir comment la mat\u00e9rialisation plus technique de droit de choisir interviendra et cela rel\u00e8ve de la comp\u00e9tence interne du Qu\u00e9bec.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[489]<\/b>&nbsp; Whether this is because no expression of ideas is found leading directly to a unilateral declaration of independence without negotiations, or because this idea does not flow from the words used nor from the intention sought by the constituent, or by necessary implication, as is required to declare the provision unconstitutional, our conclusion is that Section 3 aims to establish how the most technical accomplishment of the right to choose will take place, and this falls within the internal jurisdiction of Quebec.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[490]<\/b>&nbsp; \u00c0 supposer que l&#8217;on puisse diverger d&#8217;opinion sur la conclusion \u00e0 laquelle nous en arrivons, nous sommes d&#8217;avis qu&#8217;ultimement, la technique de l&#8217;interpr\u00e9tation att\u00e9nu\u00e9e sauverait cet article et qu&#8217;il pourrait \u00eatre d\u00e9clar\u00e9 conforme \u00e0 la <i>Constitution<\/i> en limitant la port\u00e9e de celui-ci \u00e0 l&#8217;exercice de la souverainet\u00e9 interne du Qu\u00e9bec, dans le cadre plus pr\u00e9cis du processus de consultation populaire, lequel, comme l&#8217;\u00e9nonce la Cour supr\u00eame, ne joue pas un r\u00f4le d\u00e9cisionnel mais simplement consultatif dont l&#8217;effet l\u00e9gitime ne peut toutefois pas \u00eatre ignor\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[490]<\/b>&nbsp; Assuming there will be divergent views on the conclusion we reach, we are of the view that ultimately, the technique of reading down would save this section and it could be declared consistent with the <i>Constitution<\/i>&nbsp; by limiting its scope to the exercise of Quebec\u2019s internal sovereignty, within the more specific framework of the referendum process, which, as stated by the Supreme Court, does not play a deciding but merely an advisory role whose legitimate effect cannot, however, be ignored.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[491]<\/b>&nbsp; \u00c0 cette \u00e9tape-ci de l&#8217;analyse, nous formulons ce commentaire, puisque l&#8217;\u00e9tude des articles 6 \u00e0 12, n&#8217;est pas encore pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e. Le r\u00e9sultat de cette \u00e9tude a une incidence sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 (ou non) de recourir \u00e0 cette m\u00e9thode d&#8217;interpr\u00e9tation pour disposer de la question relative \u00e0 la l\u00e9galit\u00e9 de cet article 3.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[491]<\/b>&nbsp; At the present stage of the analysis, we formulate this remark, as the study of Sections 6 to 12 has not yet come up.&nbsp; The result of this study will have an impact on the necessity (or not) of resorting to this method of interpretation to dispose of the question of the legality of this Section 3.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">__________<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">__________<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n  <span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>165.<\/b>&nbsp; <i>Journal des d\u00e9bats<\/i> du 7 d\u00e9cembre 2000, page 8577.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>165.<\/b>&nbsp; <i>Journal des d\u00e9bats<\/i>, December 7th, 2000, page 8577.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>500-05-065031-013<\/b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PAGE 73<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>500-05-065031-013<\/b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PAGE 73<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>5.3.6<\/b>&nbsp; <b>Article 4<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>5.3.6<\/b>&nbsp; <b>Section 4<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[492]<\/b>&nbsp; L&#8217;article 4, qui porte directement sur le processus de consultation par r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum, ne r\u00e9it\u00e8re que ce qui a toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 la r\u00e8gle lors de la tenue de r\u00e9f\u00e9rendums au Qu\u00e9bec, au Canada, et m\u00eame ce qui pr\u00e9vaut lorsqu&#8217;ils sont tenus par les Nations Unies<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:11px;\"><sup>166<\/sup><\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[492]<\/b>&nbsp; Section 4, which bears directly on the referendum process, reiterates only what has always been the rule in referendums held in Quebec, in Canada, and is even what obtains when they are held by the United Nations.<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:11px;\"><sup>166<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[493]<\/b>&nbsp; Le fait de r\u00e9p\u00e9ter que l&#8217;option gagnante est celle qui remporte la majorit\u00e9 des votes d\u00e9clar\u00e9s valides, soit cinquante pour cent de ces votes plus un a toujours exist\u00e9, sans que cela n&#8217;ait \u00e9t\u00e9 contest\u00e9 auparavant, comme nous l&#8217;avons d\u00e9j\u00e0 expos\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[493]<\/b>&nbsp; The fact of repeating that the winning option is that which garners the majority of votes declared valid, i.e. fifty percent plus one, has always existed, without its being challenged before, as we have already explained.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[494]<\/b>&nbsp; Il n&#8217;y a donc rien de nouveau sous le soleil dans cet article.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[494]<\/b>&nbsp; So there is nothing new under the sun in this Section.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[495]<\/b>&nbsp; Pour le ministre Facal, l&#8217;article 4 confirme quelque chose de \u00absacr\u00e9 et (d&#8217;)incontournable\u00bb, et \u00e0 quoi l&#8217;opposition ne s&#8217;oppose d&#8217;ailleurs pas, si ce n&#8217;est que parce que cet important contenu est affirm\u00e9 noir sur blanc dans une loi plut\u00f4t que de l&#8217;\u00eatre dans une r\u00e9solution unanime ou une d\u00e9claration solennelle, oubliant toutefois qu&#8217;une autre loi pr\u00e9voyait d\u00e9j\u00e0 cette fa\u00e7on de faire bien avant <i>L\u2019Avis consultatif<\/i> de 1998.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[495]<\/b>&nbsp; For Minister Facal, Section 4 confirms something \u201csacred and inescapable,\u201d and to which moreover the opposition is not opposed, if only because this important content is affirmed in black and white in a law rather than in a unanimous resolution or a solemn declaration, forgetting, however, that another law already provided for this way of doing things well before the 1998 <i>Advisory Opinion<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[496]<\/b>&nbsp; Il est vrai qu&#8217;au lendemain de <i>L\u2019Avis consultatif<\/i>, cet article touche \u00e0 un sujet tr\u00e8s sensible : la clart\u00e9 de la fameuse question et celle du vote y donnant suite, que nous pourrions r\u00e9sumer comme \u00e9tant le sujet de la clart\u00e9 r\u00e9f\u00e9rendaire.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[496]<\/b>&nbsp; It is true that in the aftermath of the <i>Advisory Opinion<\/i>, this Section touches on a quite sensitive subject:&nbsp; the clarity of the famous question and that of the vote that follows, which we could sum up as the topic of referendum clarity.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[497]<\/b>&nbsp; Mais les mots utilis\u00e9s dans l&#8217;article 4 ne t\u00e9moignent pas d&#8217;une nouvelle fa\u00e7on de faire s\u00e9cession de mani\u00e8re unilat\u00e9rale, car nous ne sommes encore qu&#8217;\u00e0 la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape d&#8217;un \u00e9ventuel processus de consultation de la population qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise quant \u00e0 ses intentions.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[497]<\/b>&nbsp; But the words utilized in Section 4 do not bear witness to a new way of seceding unilaterally, because we are still only at the first stage of a possible process of consultation of the Quebec population as to its intentions.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[498]<\/b>&nbsp; Le propos suivant, extrait des d\u00e9bats parlementaires, en lien avec ce que le gouvernement reprochait \u00e0 la <i>Loi C-20<\/i>, est int\u00e9ressant pour d\u00e9terminer le \u00abmal\u00bb \u00e0 endiguer par le biais de la <i>Loi 99<\/i>:<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[498]<\/b>&nbsp; The following statement, from the parliamentary debates, in connection with the government\u2019s criticism of <i>Bill C-20<\/i>, is interesting in determining the \u201charm\u201d to be curbed by <i>Bill 99<\/i>:<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<p style=\"padding-left:20px;text-align:left;\">Au-del\u00e0 de l&#8217;option souverainiste, l&#8217;intervention f\u00e9d\u00e9rale attaque deux fondements cruciaux de notre syst\u00e8me de consultation populaire&nbsp;: le libell\u00e9 de la question et la majorit\u00e9 requise (&#8230;) <u>ce ne sont plus nos diff\u00e9rentes options politiques qui sont en cause, c&#8217;est notre libert\u00e9 d\u00e9mocratique<\/u>.<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:11px;\"><sup>167<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<p style=\"padding-left:60px;text-align:left;\">(<i>Nos soulignements<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<p style=\"padding-left:20px;text-align:left;\">Beyond the sovereignist option, the federal intervention attacks two crucial foundations of our popular consultation system: the wording of the question and the required majority (&#8230;) <u>it is no longer our different political options that are at stake. it is our democratic freedom<\/u>.<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:11px;\"><sup>167<sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<p style=\"padding-left:60px;text-align:left;\">(<i>Our underlines<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[499]<\/b>&nbsp; Voil\u00e0 qui est rassurant sur la mati\u00e8re vis\u00e9e par cet article.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[499]<\/b>&nbsp; This is reassuring on the subject covered by this section.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[500]<\/b>&nbsp; De plus, le fait pour le gouvernement d&#8217;une province de consulter la population r\u00e9sidant sur son territoire sur divers sujets et que la majorit\u00e9 l&#8217;emporte sur un sujet ou<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><b>[500]<\/b>&nbsp; In addition, the fact that the government of a province consults the population residing on its territory on various subjects and the majority prevails on one subject or<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">__________<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">__________<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.2pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n  <span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>166.<\/b>&nbsp; <i>Journal des d\u00e9bats<\/i> du 25 mai 2000, page 6172.<br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>167.<\/b> <i>Journal des d\u00e9bats<\/i> du 7 d\u00e9cembre 2000, pages 8576 et 8577.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"491\" valign=\"top\" style='width:368.25pt;background:#edf3f4;padding:0 5.4pt;'>\n<span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>166.<\/b>&nbsp; <i> Journal des d\u00e9bats<\/i> of May 25th, 2000, page 6172.<\/span><br \/>\n <span style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:16px;\"><b>167.<\/b>&nbsp; <i>Journal des d\u00e9bats,<\/i> December 7th, 2000, page 8577.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\nCONTINUED:&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/habeascorpuscanada.com\/blog\/henderson-v-attorney-general-of-quebec-18-april-2018-qccs-1586-canlii-paragraphs-501-604\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><u>PARAGRAPHS 501-604<\/u><\/a>.<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Download PDF HABEAS CORPUS CANADA The Official Legal Challenge To North American Union QUEBEC IS BEING USED TO DISMANTLE CANADA INTO CITY-STATES IN THE NORTH AMERICAN REGION Henderson c. Procureure g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du Qu\u00e9bec 2018 QCCS 1586 PARAGRAPHS 401-500 PREVIOUS PARAGRAPHS 300-400 L&#8217;HONORABLE CLAUDE DALLAIRE,J.C.S. THE HONORABLE CLAUDE DALLAIRE,J.S.C. FRENCH ORIGINAL NON-OFFICIAL ENGLISH [401]&nbsp; Ceux-ci sont&#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/habeascorpuscanada.com\/blog\/henderson-v-attorney-general-of-quebec-18-april-2018-qccs-1586-canlii-paragraphs-401-500\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &ldquo;Henderson v. Attorney General of Quebec, 18 April 2018 QCCS 1586 (CanLII)&nbsp;\u2014 Paragraphs 401-500&rdquo;<\/span> &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/habeascorpuscanada.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/109"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/habeascorpuscanada.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/habeascorpuscanada.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/habeascorpuscanada.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/habeascorpuscanada.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=109"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/habeascorpuscanada.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/109\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":110,"href":"https:\/\/habeascorpuscanada.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/109\/revisions\/110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/habeascorpuscanada.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=109"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}